World Ovarian Cancer Day: Drawing Attention to a Critical Women’s Health Issue

Observed every year on the 8th of May, World Ovarian Cancer Day aims to increase awareness about ovarian cancer. With symptoms such as bloating, pelvic pain, and frequent urination often going unnoticed, many cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, making the treatment more challenging. World Ovarian Cancer Day highlights the need for early detection, better treatment options, and stronger support for those affected. In this blog, we’ll talk about why this day matters, what makes ovarian cancer so serious, and how greater awareness can make a real difference. Let’s start with learning about how World Ovarian Cancer Day started and why it holds such significance.

History and Significance of World Ovarian Cancer Day

World Ovarian Cancer Day was established in 2013 by a group of ovarian cancer advocacy organisations from across the globe. The idea came from a meeting of leaders from different countries who recognised the urgent need to raise worldwide awareness about this often-overlooked disease. Despite being one of the deadliest gynaecological cancers, ovarian cancer receives far less attention than others, largely because its symptoms are vague and often ignored until the disease is in advanced stages.

By choosing May 8th as a dedicated day of action, the organisers aimed to give ovarian cancer a stronger voice—one that could educate, encourage early diagnosis, and push for better access to treatment and support. Over the years, World Ovarian Cancer Day has grown into a global movement, with campaigns, survivor stories, and community events helping to spark conversations and improve understanding. 

In recent years, the World Ovarian Cancer Coalition has embraced the multi-year campaign theme, "No Woman Left Behind." This theme underscores the commitment to ensuring that every woman, regardless of her background or location, has access to essential knowledge, early detection, and effective treatment for ovarian cancer.

What is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries—the small organs in a woman’s pelvis that produce eggs and hormones; estrogen and progesterone. It occurs when abnormal cells in the ovary start to grow uncontrollably and may spread to other parts of the body if not detected early. There are different types of ovarian cancer, with epithelial ovarian cancer being the most common. What makes this disease particularly serious is that it often shows no clear symptoms in its early stages, making it harder to detect until it has already progressed. Early diagnosis can improve the chances of successful treatment, which is why awareness plays such an important role.

What Causes Ovarian Cancer?

The exact cause of ovarian cancer is still not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk. These include a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal influences. Here are some of the most common risk factors:

• Family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer
• Inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2
• Age, especially women over 50 or postmenopausal
• Endometriosis, a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside it
• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), especially long-term use
• Infertility or never having been pregnant
• Personal history of certain cancers, like breast cancer or bowel cancer

Ovarian cancer often begins when cells in or near the ovaries undergo changes in their DNA, leading to uncontrolled growth. However, having one or more of these risk factors doesn’t mean a woman will definitely develop the disease—it only increases the likelihood. Researchers are still exploring what triggers these changes and how to detect them earlier.

Common Signs and Symptoms to Watch For

Ovarian cancer can be difficult to detect early because its symptoms are often subtle and can mimic common digestive or bladder problems. Many women may dismiss these signs at first, but when symptoms become persistent or unusual for your body, they should not be ignored.

Here are some symptoms to watch out for:

• Persistent bloating: Feeling full or swollen in your abdomen that doesn’t go away with time or diet changes.
• Pelvic or abdominal pain: Continuous discomfort, cramping, or pressure in the lower abdomen or pelvic area.
• Changes in appetite: Feeling full quickly after eating small amounts or having difficulty finishing meals.
• Frequent urination: Needing to urinate more often than usual or feeling an urgent need, even when your bladder isn’t full.
• Unexplained weight loss or gain: Losing weight without trying, or in some cases, gaining weight due to fluid buildup (ascites).
• Changes in bowel habits: Constipation, diarrhoea, or feeling like your bowel doesn’t empty completely.
• Fatigue: Ongoing tiredness or lack of energy that doesn’t improve with rest.
• Back pain or pain during sex: Some women also report lower back pain or discomfort during intercourse.

These symptoms may come and go, but if they occur frequently (more than 12 times a month) or last for several weeks, it’s important to see a doctor.

Can Ovarian Cancer Be Detected Early?

Detecting ovarian cancer early is challenging because the disease often develops without clear symptoms in its initial stages. Unlike cervical cancer, there is no routine screening test currently recommended for women without symptoms or strong risk factors.

However, certain steps can help improve the chances of early detection:

• Paying attention to symptoms: Persistent bloating, pelvic pain, and changes in appetite or urination should not be ignored. Recognising unusual, ongoing symptoms and reporting them to a doctor can lead to earlier investigation.
• Regular health check-ups: Although there’s no specific test for ovarian cancer, pelvic examinations during routine check-ups can sometimes detect abnormalities.
• Risk-based monitoring: Women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, or known genetic mutations (like BRCA1 or BRCA2), may benefit from more focused monitoring, including transvaginal ultrasound and blood tests like CA-125.

It’s important to note that these methods aren’t foolproof, and may help identify the disease in its earlier stages—especially in women already known to be at higher risk.

How is Ovarian Cancer Treated?

Treatment for ovarian cancer usually involves a combination of methods, depending on the type and stage of the disease, overall health, and personal preferences like fertility considerations. Most women undergo surgery and chemotherapy, and in some cases, other therapies may be added to improve outcomes or manage recurrence.

Surgery

Surgery is often the first step in treatment. The aim is to remove as much of the cancer as possible—a process called debulking or cytoreductive surgery. The extent of surgery depends on how far the cancer has spread:

• In early-stage cases, one or both ovaries and fallopian tubes may be removed.
• In advanced stages, surgery may also involve removing the uterus, nearby lymph nodes, and a layer of fatty tissue in the abdomen called the omentum.
• Sometimes, surgery is done after a few cycles of chemotherapy to shrink the tumour and make removal easier.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses strong medicines to kill cancer cells and is usually given after surgery. It may also be given beforehand if the tumour needs to be reduced before operating. This treatment is delivered in cycles over several weeks or months and can be administered intravenously or, in some cases, directly into the abdomen.

Side effects such as fatigue, nausea, temporary hair loss, and lowered immunity are common but can often be managed with supportive care.

Targeted Therapy

In some women, newer treatment approaches are used to target specific weaknesses in cancer cells. These therapies aim to interfere with how the cancer grows and spreads. They are typically used in women with a higher risk of recurrence or those with a genetic predisposition and are often offered after chemotherapy to help keep the cancer from returning.

Hormone Therapy

For certain types of ovarian cancer that are sensitive to hormones, hormone-blocking treatments can help slow down the cancer’s growth. These are more often used in slow-growing tumours or when surgery or chemotherapy isn’t the best option.

Radiation Therapy

Although not commonly used in ovarian cancer treatment, radiation may be recommended in specific situations, especially to treat small areas of cancer that have returned or to relieve symptoms in advanced cases.

How Can You Help Raise Awareness About Ovarian Cancer?

Raising awareness about ovarian cancer is key to promoting early detection, increasing research efforts, and supporting those affected. Even small actions can help spark important conversations and make a meaningful impact. Here are some ways to get involved:

• Learn and share: Start by educating yourself and others about the symptoms, risk factors, and the importance of early diagnosis. Share this information with friends, family, or on social media to help others stay informed.
• Support awareness campaigns: Participate in or promote awareness events, especially around World Ovarian Cancer Day on May 8. Wearing teal—the official awareness colour—can be a simple but powerful way to show support.
• Encourage regular health check-ups: Remind the women in your life to speak to their doctors if they experience unusual symptoms. Early medical advice can make a big difference.
• Donate or fundraise: Consider supporting organisations that fund ovarian cancer research, provide patient support, or run public awareness initiatives. Fundraising events like walks, virtual challenges, or charity drives can also help raise both money and awareness.
• Listen and support: Sometimes, the best way to raise awareness is by simply being there for someone going through ovarian cancer. Listening, offering help, or just checking in can go a long way.

Awareness starts with conversations—by speaking up and sharing facts, you help reduce stigma and give more women a chance at early diagnosis and better outcomes.

Final Thoughts

World Ovarian Cancer Day serves as a reminder that awareness is only the beginning—action must follow. If this day encourages even one person to recognise a symptom, ask a question, or book an appointment, it has done something powerful. At Max Hospital, our dedicated gynaecologic oncologists are here to support you through every stage. If you’ve noticed changes in your health or simply feel unsure, this is the time to listen to your body. Reach out to Max Hospital and speak to a specialist today.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can ovarian cancer run in families even if only distant relatives had it?

Yes, a family history of ovarian cancer—even among distant or extended relatives—can increase your risk. It may be helpful to speak with a doctor about genetic testing or counselling to better understand your risk level.

Is it possible to get ovarian cancer after menopause?

Ovarian cancer can develop at any age, but it is more commonly diagnosed in women over the age of 50, particularly after menopause.

Does having regular gynaecological check-ups lower my risk?

While routine check-ups don't prevent ovarian cancer, they can help detect signs that may need further investigation. Pelvic exams and discussions about any unusual symptoms are still important.

Are there any lifestyle changes that may help reduce the risk of ovarian cancer?

Staying physically active, maintaining a healthy weight, and discussing long-term birth control options with your doctor may slightly lower risk. These choices are part of general health maintenance, though they don't guarantee prevention.

Can ovarian cysts turn into cancer?

Most ovarian cysts are benign and go away on their own. However, persistent or complex cysts—especially after menopause—should be monitored more closely, as there is a small chance they could be cancerous.

How often should I see a doctor if I have a family history of ovarian cancer?

Your doctor might suggest more frequent visits or specific screening based on your family history. In some cases, preventive strategies or genetic testing may be recommended.

Is fertility affected by ovarian cancer treatment?

Treatment may impact fertility, particularly if both ovaries need to be removed. If you hope to have children in the future, it's important to discuss fertility preservation options before starting treatment.

Can ovarian cancer come back after treatment?

Yes, recurrence is possible, especially with advanced-stage ovarian cancer. Regular follow-ups and ongoing care help monitor for any signs of the disease returning.